In order to group application windows together, the WMClass and WMInstance attributes have been specified in the Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual for X server 11.
Long story short, they are two strings that are used to associate application windows to a specific application, they can be set by the application (WMClass) or the user (WMInstance).
They are very useful especially for those applications that are customizations or based on existing tools, which alone would have a different value (eg Java or Eclipse based apps).
Finding the value for a window is as simple as opening a terminal and running:
xprop
Then clicking on the desired window
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