[Spring Boot] Configure CORS

CORS (Cross-origin resource sharing) is an important security aspect of modern web applications. To prevent malicious content from being pulled into your page, usually the source(s) of the content for it are restricted to prevent external domains from serving pieces of your final page.
This functionality goes along with CSRF,  X-Frame-Options, SessionPolicy and SecurityHeaders to provide a complete setup for your application.

All of this can be however very easily configured in Spring version 4+ (and therefore Spring Boot 2 as well) by providing a custom SecurityConfig (WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter) that will prevent Spring Boot from autoconfiguring the security with its own defaults.

Here is a sample implementation for Spring Boot 2 that completely disables (allows everything) CORS, it comes from this StackOverflow, slightly modified: